REGULAR & SUBSTANTIVE INTERACTION
Distance Education Definition Clarification
Although the US Department of Education (US DOE) recently provided updated clarity to the definition of “Distance Education,” there is still confusion around how distance education is evaluated depending on the regulatory purpose or institution. However, it seems clear that the use of regular and substantive interaction (RSI) will provide the appropriate foundation for distance education regardless of the regulatory review. CGCC’s online courses fall under the definition of “Distance Education” and without regular and substantive interaction (RSI) would be classified as Correspondence Courses which are not an accredited format at CGCC, nor are eligible for financial aid.
The Definition
Distance education means education that uses one or more of the technologies listed in paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition to deliver instruction to students who are separated from the instructor and to support regular and substantive interaction between the students and the instructor, either synchronously or asynchronously.
The technologies may include —
- The Internet;
- One-way and two-way transmissions through open broadcast, closed circuit, cable, microwave, broadband lines, fiber options, satellite, or wireless communications devices;
- Audio conferencing; or
- Video cassettes, DVDs, and CD-ROMS, if the cassettes, DVDs, or CD-ROMS are used in a course in conjunction with any of the technologies listed in paragraphs (1) through (3) of this definition.
NOTE: At CGCC we use the internet as our method to deliver “Distance Education”
The Clarification
Until now, the US DOE provided no clarification for the “regular and substantive interaction…” portion of the definition. The following clarifications from the US DOE went into effect on Jul 2, 2021:
Substantive Interaction
Substantive interaction is engaging students in teaching, learning, and assessment, consistent with the content under discussion, and includes at least two of the following:
- Providing direct instruction; NOTE: instructor-recorded videos in an asynchronous course do NOT meet the definition of direct instruction.
- Assessing or providing feedback on a student’s coursework;
- Providing information or responding to questions about the content of a course or competency;
- Facilitating a group discussion regarding the content of a course or competency; or
- Other instructional activities approved by the institution’s or program’s accrediting agency.
NOTE: The institution’s accrediting agency has not issued any additional approved activities.
Regular Interaction
An institution ensures regular interaction between a student and an instructor or instructors by, prior to the student’s completion of a course or competency:
- Providing the opportunity for substantive interactions with the student on a predictable and scheduled basis commensurate with the length of time and the amount of content in the course or competency; and
- Monitoring the student’s academic engagement and success and ensuring that an instructor is responsible for promptly and proactively engaging in substantive interaction with the student when needed on the basis of such monitoring, or upon request by the student. NOTE: CGCC is addressing this portion of the definition through the use of Dropout Detective.
RSI DASHBOARD – VISUAL OF RECOMMENDED PRACTICES
RSI Dashboard Illustration taken from SUNY Online RSI Webpage
WHAT DOES REGULAR AND SUBSTANTIVE INTERACTION LOOK LIKE IN CANVAS?
**The following information was compiled by members of the CGCC Online Learning Advisory Council.**
NOTE: RSI indicators should be completed in Canvas as it is the institution’s official online learning management system. RSI conducted in other 3rd party platforms that would not be accessible by a regulatory official during a review would not meet the requirements.
Assessing or Providing Feedback on a Student’s Coursework
Examples of this in Canvas:
It’s important to remember that students may not know how to find your feedback so we need to teach them how to do it. Providing them with the relevant Canvas guides is a good place to start:
- Canvas Student Guides Index
- How do I view assignment comments from my instructor?
- How do I view annotation feedback comments from my instructor directly in my assignment submission?
- How do I view rubric results for my assignment?
- Provide and use grading rubrics for all assignments in conjunction with qualitative individual feedback.
- Give detailed criterion and ratings explanations
- OR use freeform comments
- Grading rubrics tell students what to expect and qualitative feedback elaborates on how well they met that expectation in a personalized way
- Grade assignments in a timely manner AND provide feedback in one or all of the following:
- Comments box in Speedgrader
- Efficiently personalize them using the Comment Library and adding the student’s name
- Give qualitative feedback on how they can improve on the next assignment
- Remark on something you liked or that they did particularly well. Positive feedback is just as important as negative feedback.
- Comments box in the grading rubric
- These are available for in the score column for each criterion
- OR use freeform comments
- Provide annotations directly on the student’s submission
- Mark up their document and provide feedback just as you would by hand
- Comments box in Speedgrader
- Discussion boards
- Participate in discussion boards to provide feedback and additional direction during the discussion
- You don’t have to reply to every student, just be present in the discussion like you would in a physical classroom
- Feedback Announcements
- Post regular announcements providing generalized feedback specific to that course’s students and recapping the module content
- Look for ways to drive students to the course announcements so they don’t miss any valuable information
- Practice Quiz (formative assessment)
- Design with automated built-in feedback for each question
- Review each student’s submission and provide personalized feedback.
- View Quiz Statistics to get a sense of specific questions that many students missed and address that in your feedback announcement
Providing Information or Responding to Questions about the Content of a
Course or Competency
Examples of this in Canvas:
- Post regularannouncements introducing module lesson and assignments
- Be sure to point out any nuances that you want students to pay particular attention to
- Incorporate ways for students to indicate they are reading the announcements, such as using the “like” feature or having them email you with specific information
- Send and respond to content-related emails or Inbox messages from individual students
- Provide the response via email or announcement to all students when appropriate
- Provide a detailed syllabus complete with your personalized communication statement (see FAQ on this page)
- Develop an FAQ section related to YOUR course design, expectations, content, and assessments
- This should complement and provide depth to the information provided in your syllabus
- Useautomated feedback for quiz questions to let students immediately know more about correct and incorrect answers
- Be sure to provide additional personalized feedback as well
- Incorporate student review of instructor feedback into the interaction and grading structure
- Require the student to review and respond to feedback provided by the instructor on each assignment
- Delivery of content (does not count as direct instruction but does count as regular communication if you do it regularly)
- Post videos, pictures, and audio recordings to supplement content built into the course template
- Add guiding questions to support student learning from the video
Facilitating a Group Discussion Regarding the Content of a Course or Competency
Examples of this in Canvas:
- Use regular, structured discussion prompts designed to engage students with one another
- Active instructor participation is what qualifies this as interaction in RSI; provide further question prompts to advance the discussion
- Offering regular, scheduled drop-in synchronous opportunities for live (virtual) content discussions as a group or one-on-one with the instructor (Webex)
Offering regular, scheduled synchronous office hours for individual students (Webex Office Hours)
What is Not Considered Regular and Substantive Interaction
- Assignment of recorded webinars, videos, and reading materials if the course design does not require the students to review the assigned material and then interact with the instructor
- Contact with instructors not related to the course subject matter.
- Adding numeric grades to the course gradebook
- A student submits work/assignments/quizzes that are automatically graded by a learning management system.
- Sending a welcome message during the first week of class and another around mid-semester.
- Encouraging students to participate in an optional, one-time online review session before the final exam.
- Reminding students of the course attendance policy.
- Posting an announcement about an upcoming assignment deadline.
- Providing an open-ended online forum that is not moderated by the instructor.
ADDITIONAL STRATEGIES AND IDEAS
Instructors can use the following strategies and ideas to incorporate regular and substantive interaction:
- Design your course from the ground up to integrate strategic points for instructor interaction.
- Regardless of modality, have a course schedule that includes written assignment due dates, exam dates, readings, and other assignments as relevant. Ensure that there are predictable opportunities for feedback throughout the semester.
- Develop a communication plan to help guide and manage your interactions.
- This can be done in your syllabus by setting expectations for instructor response time, grade turnaround time, student participation, and instructor participation.